Cultural Hotspots: Best Destinations for Black Travellers in 2024
By: Lavanya Kathirgamanathan In 2024, several destinations have stood out for their lively Black communities, historical impact, and cultural richness. Here is a guide to some of the best destinations for Black travellers this year, alongside tips for safe travel and must-visit spots. Accra, Ghana Accra is the capital of Ghana. It is one of the top destinations for Black travellers looking to connect with their roots. In 2019, Ghana invited the African diaspora back to their continent for “The Year of Return, Ghana 2019,” a program that celebrated the resilience of victims in the Transatlantic slave trade who were scattered and displaced through North America, South America, Europe, Asia, and the Caribbean. This initiative continues to attract visitors years later. Accra offers a variety of travel experiences, such as those involving its vibrant art scenes, along with opportunities for sightseeing in Cape Coast, which is approximately two hours away. New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A New Orleans is deeply rooted in African American history. The city is known for its jazz music scene, Creole cuisine, and vibrant festivals. When visiting New Orleans, exploring the historic Treme neighbourhood, the oldest African American neighbourhood in the United States, is highly recommended. For a taste of local culture, attend the annual Essence Festival, which celebrates Black music and culture. Essence festival happens annually during the Fourth of July weekend. Salvador, Brazil Referred to as the “Black Rome,” Salvador is famous for its Afro-Brazilian culture and cuisine, and capoeira, an Afro-Brazilian martial art. The city’s historic Pelourinho district is known for its colonial architecture and vibrant street performances. A visit to the Afro-Brazilian Museum offers a look into the African heritage of the region. The museum offers a look into the African heritage of the region. Tips for Safe Travel Research the city: Understand their cultural norms and the history of the destinations that you visit Stay connected: Keep in touch with family and friends and share your travel plans Health precautions: Make sure you have the necessary vaccinations and travel insurance. Be mindful of local health advisories and food safety rules. Support local businesses: Shop ‘til you drop with black-owned businesses and tour to support the community economically!
Cultural Festivals: Celebrating Black Heritage Around the World
By Lavanya Kathirgamanathan Exploring the rich tapestry of Black heritage through cultural festivals brings a unique experience of vibrant traditions and history. These celebrations that take place across the globe, from Africa to the Americas, play an important role in fostering cultural pride and unity, preserving traditions, and promoting cultural awareness. Let’s delve into some of the most notable festivals celebrating Black heritage. Caribana: Toronto, Ontario Held annually in Toronto, Caribana is one of North America’s largest cultural festivals celebrating Caribbean culture. Caribana originated in 1967 to celebrate Canada’s centennial year, and has attracted millions of attendees since. It commemorates the Caribbean community’s rich traditions featuring vibrant parades, elaborate costumes, and pulsating soca and calypso music. Afropunk Festival: Brooklyn, USA Afropunk Festival was founded in 2005. It is a cultural movement that celebrates Black creativity in music, fashion, and art. Afropunk Festival has expanded globally to reach cities like London and Johannesburg. This festival is known for its diversity of music, inclusive atmosphere, and the message it brings across. It is a haven for Black artists and attendees to be themselves and express their identities. Fête De La Musique: Bamako, Mali Mali’s Fete De La Musique is a celebration of music that highlights the country’s rich heritage. Bamako, Mali’s capital, transforms itself into a stage for traditional and contemporary African music performances. This festival is essential for preserving the city’s musical traditions and introducing new audiences to the country’s cultural heritage. Cape Town International Jazz Festival: Cape Town, South Africa The Cape Town International Jazz Festival is a premier event that celebrates the influence of jazz music on Black culture. Known as Africa’s grand gathering, the festival attracts international artists and jazz enthusiasts alike. It serves as a bridge that connects different cultures through the universal language of music. These festivals are not just celebrations. They’re cultural milestones that offer deep insights into Black history and identity. For example, Caribana roots back to liberation celebrations in the Caribbean, and Afropunk challenges stereotypes and promotes a progressive vision of Black culture. Celebrating Black heritage through cultural festivals is important for several reasons. Firstly, it fosters cultural pride and unity allowing individuals to connect with history and traditions. Secondly, these festivals play a crucial role in preserving cultural practices to educate wider audiences about the richness of Black heritage. Lastly, they promote cultural awareness, which breaks down barriers and encourages understanding among diverse communities. Black heritage serves as a vibrant reminder of the rich history and the contributions of Black communities worldwide. These festivals offer space for celebration, reflection, and connection.
Black Culinary Innovators: Redefining Gourmet Cuisine
By Lavanya Kathirgamanathan Black chefs and food entrepreneurs have significantly influenced the gourmet cuisine landscape. These entrepreneurs have infused traditional flavours into their dishes through the use of innovative techniques, to tell a cultural narrative that redefines what the general public considers gourmet food. Their cooking celebrates the rich heritage of Black culinary talent and encourages a future generation of chefs to embrace their identities. Black culinary innovators are often curious about traditional recipes passed down to them through generations. These recipes are not just instructions that allow them to make the food. They also contain knowledge about history, culture, and community. Chef Eduardo Jordan, the owner of JuneBaby in Seattle, Washington, has received acclaim for his modern take on soul food in the South. Jordan’s food pays homage to his heritage while he also adds a contemporary touch to his dishes, like his smoked turkey and collard greens with cornbread. To read more on his journey and how his work captivates the modern palette, here is an interview Jordan did with the Eater. Similarly, Mashama Bailey, an executive chef of The Gray in Savannah, Georgia, blends southern flavours with the global influences around her. Bailey’s innovative approach to food has earned her various awards, including a James Beard Award. Her menu reflects her ability to transform classic recipes into gourmet masterpieces, such as her foie gras with grits. The new wave of Black culinary talent brings fresh perspectives and more innovative techniques to gourmet cuisine. Kwame Onwuachi has been a prominent figure in the culinary world. Onuwuachi is known for his critically acclaimed memoir Notes From a Young Black Chef. His cuisine is a vibrant fusion of his Nigerian roots and the French training he received — resulting in dishes like egusi soup with smoked Goat and jollof rice with blackened chicken. Similarly, Travel Bristol Joseph, co-owner and executive pastry chef of Emmer & Rye in Austin, Texas, has been recognized for his original desserts, which combine traditional Caribbean flavours with modern techniques. His coconut panna cotta with tropical fruit and tapioca pearls exemplifies his ability to elevate familiar ingredients to gourmet status food. Signature dishes, characterized by flavour and presentation, are critical to any chef’s individuality. Gregory Gourdet, a former Top Chef finalist and the chef-owner of Kann in Portland, Oregon, is well-known for his creative use of Haitian ingredients in his dishes. His jerk chicken with mango salsa and plantain chips is a perfect example of how traditional Caribbean flavours can be transformed into gourmet cuisine. Recognizing and celebrating Black chefs and food entrepreneurs is essential for several reasons. Firstly, it highlights the cultural contributions of Black communities to the rich diversity and creativity that define gourmet cuisine today. Secondly, it inspires future generations of chefs by providing them with role models who have broken barriers and achieved success in a competitive field. Finally, celebrating Black culinary talent fosters a more inclusive and equitable food industry. By shining a spotlight on these visionaries, we encourage a broader appreciation of different culinary traditions and challenge the often Eurocentric definition of gourmet cuisine.
Black Wedding Traditions: Celebrating Traditions
By: Lavanya Kathirgamanathan In almost every culture, there will be a celebration of joy and happiness through wedding celebrations. When it comes to Black heritage, there are different ways to celebrate weddings whether it is traditionally or culturally. These weddings are organized in a way that shares an unforgettable experience with the ones attending. Often, these wedding traditions have symbolic meanings that reflect historical traditions and diversity within the Black community around the world. This article will discuss the different wedding traditions that are celebrated within countries that celebrate Black history and the origins from where they came from. Jumping the Broom Jumping the Broom is a tradition that originated from Ghana, in the west. When wedding celebrations are facilitated, it is known that the broom holds spiritual value, as it keeps negative energy, evil spirits, and wrong doings away. The act of jumping over the broom symbolizes a new beginning and not looking at the past mistakes and oppression that has confronted the lives of many Black people. Many people enact this ritual for tradition and others choose to engage in the act to symbolize solidarity with their ancestors. A majority of the time, the brooms are passed down through generations, or purchased by the couple themselves for their specific occasion. Kola Nuts Exchange The exchange of kola nuts has been a component of West African weddings for a while. These nuts are used as a symbol of communion and unity among the bride and groom. It also represents the power of healing one another as partners. The kola nut is known to bring good fortune and acceptance into the bride’s family through this exchange. Money Spray Money spray is prominent in African and Caribbean culture during wedding celebrations. The money spray usually tends to occur during the reception, where guests gather around the couple and shower them with money, while the couple dances to traditional music. The purpose of the money spraying tradition is to show prosperity, support, and good wishes for their future. This highlights an aspect of Black culture and the importance of celebrating specific occasions where two people are coming together to start a life. Traditional African Wedding Attire Traditional African wedding attire consists of various different patterns and colours that are significant to their culture. There are regions in Africa that follow specific clothing requirements that represent the country and their heritage. For example in Ghana, dresses and suits are made from kente cloth, which is handwoven with strips of cotton and silk. Whereas in Nigeria, they specifically showcase their clothing involving head wraps called gele head wraps. These head wraps are specifically worn by women getting married. In general, weddings hold significance when it comes to facilitating joy and happiness. Celebrating these events through important traditions demonstrates Black resilience and the spirit Black communities have to offer worldwide. It is important to recognize the cultural aspects of these traditions. Many have been preserved for decades and continue to strengthen their identity through celebration of bringing two people together. These traditions will conquer marriage stereotypes and offer a unique experience.
Destinations To Go To For Black Travelers
By: Lavanya Kathirgamanathan Travelling is one of the most life changing experiences that encourages individuals to take advantage of new foods, scenery, and retail. It brings a new atmosphere that includes a diverse culture, and sense of community unmatched. Travelling is especially important because it allows visitors to expand their horizon in terms of generating an awareness of different architecture, social greetings, and new activities. For black travellers, and those a part of the BIPOC community, exploring and travelling the world has a substantial impact on culture that allows the community to connect with their traditions and learn about their history. This allows travellers to acknowledge that a part of them, and a part of their culture, is interconnected to the world. This article will illustrate a few countries that are the most captivating destinations among travellers and that hold a distinct history towards people of colour. Accra, Ghana This city is one of the top destinations for Black travellers to reconnect with their African roots. Accra is filled with history and culture. Their comforting recipes and food offers a warm and welcoming environment that is a way to get immersed into the Ghanaian heritage. Salvador, Brazil Salvador is the capital of Bahia. This city is filled with Afro Brazilian heritage. Salvador has a district, called the Pelourinho district, that showcases colonial architecture, as well as represents African heritage. You can find many of the artistic architectural sites here in this city. Cape Town, South Africa Cape Town is one of the cities that embodies a diverse multicultural population. Cape Town shares breathtaking landscapes and is a popular destination that shares educational history. This city is known for its historical marking in Nelson Mandela’s imprisonment. The city offers insight on the experiences Mandela faced bringing awareness to the societal issues occuring during this period. South Africa is a place to connect with traditions and culture, it offers new experiences and adventures that shed light on social, political, and historical issues. Kingston, Jamaica Jamaica is an island country that many wish to travel to during their youth. This destination is where reggae music was born. Jamaica is also a place that represents the Rastafari movement. This religious movement was mobilized during the 1930s. The hot sun, fresh coconuts, and uplifting music allow visitors to enjoy a unique culture through its spiritual, healing, and inviting practices. Jamaica is known for its stellar reputation with facilitating cricket matches, it has shaped communities and provided athletes with an enjoyable hobby and outlet. Travelling around the world to destinations that embody Black heritage is one of the most unforgettable experiences that you will not forget about. These destinations embrace Black heritage and other communities that hold the same level of significance. It is important to travel, to experience new environments filled with different traditions, recipes, and activities. Immersing in the unknown can allow one to take on a new adventure and learn about new parts of the world for a comparative understanding of what makes places unique.
Vanessa Williams: The First Black Miss America
By: Priscilla Wiredu In 1983, September was a significant time frame with respect to Black American history. It was a time where Vanessa Williams was crowned the honorary title of first Black Miss America in the Miss America pageant. At the time, it was an important event for Black women in America. It brought awareness to the Black community that a Black woman was able to be recognized as the face of beauty in the nation. However, the tumultuous events that followed her title of Black Miss America should also be addressed. Her resilience, strength, and beauty are some of the qualities aspiring models should look up to. Early Life Vanessa Lynn Williams was born on March 18, 1963 in the Bronx, New York. Her great-great grandfather was William A. Fields, who served as an influential African-American legislator in the Tennessee House of Representatives. Williams was raised as a Catholic in a religious environment and was baptized at Our Lady of Grace Church. She would regularly attend her mother’s piano performances at a church in Briarcliff Manor, where she would help turn sheet music. Williams grew up in Westchester county of New York City. She is known to be the first Black student to succeed from the first grade up until the 12th grade in the Chappaqua Central School District, which was known as an affluent upper-class White suburb. Williams developed an interest for classical and jazz music and playing instruments such as the French horn, piano, and violin. She received a scholarship and attended Syracuse University. In 1981, Williams decided to enroll in the Syracuse College of Visual and Performing Arts to pursue a music major. Winning Miss America 1983 By the age of 20, Williams was approached and offered to participate in the Miss Syracuse pageant after her performance at Syracuse University. At first she was apprehensive about participating in the pageant, but later decided to enter due to the comprehensive scholarship offered. In April 1983, she won the title of Miss Syracuse, which further led her to advance and win Miss New York in July 1983, given her exceptional skills, passion, and talent. During her Miss America pageant, Williams won the ‘Preliminary Swimsuit’ section and ‘Preliminary Talent’ section. This accomplishment led her to develop skills in the talent industry that allowed her to step out of her comfort zone and take on new challenges. On September 17, 1983, Vanessa Williams won Miss America, making her the first Black woman to win a reputable and astonishing title. Backlash, Scandal, and Pushback Williams’ win was an inspiration to many who wished to enter beauty pageants. Yet, her resignation as Miss America was often criticized and condemned. Williams claimed that many Black and White individuals did not support her being the face of America’s beauty standards. Physical attributes including the colour of her eyes, skin, and hair texture were often seen as problematic by many people. She was also targeted, receiving racist backlash, hate mail, and death threats. Williams had been in solidarity with Nina Davuluri, a 2014 winner of Miss America who had received similar treatment after her crowning. Williams was not afraid to confront the hate she received, she also defended other minority contestants who had won their titles and were facing discriminatory remarks. In July 1984, Williams discovered that her nude photos from freshman year at university were leaked and published to Penthouse magazine without her consent. This exposure tarnished her reputation and credibility, forcing her to resign from her position. Resigning from Miss America cost Williams several million dollars worth of brand deals. Yet, she was still authorized and entitled to keep her crown, title, and scholarship money. However, she was prohibited from attending the 1984 Miss America coronation, where the former Miss America passes down her crown to the new queen. Given these challenges, Williams exemplified perseverance and resisted the shame she received by turning it into a positive learning experience. Williams launched a lawsuit against Penthouse, and after several months of fruitless litigation, she had to drop the case and move on with her life. Collaborating with Public Relations Expert Ramon Hervey II, Williams landed an exciting film role in the 1987 romantic comedy The Pick-Up Artist. Only a year later, the two developed a romantic relationship and decided to get married. Williams successfully launched her own music career, signing a record contract with PolyGram, leading to the release of her first musical album, The Right Stuff (1988). The album gained recognition and went gold, with three songs making it to the top 10 charts. The Right Stuff awarded her as the Best New Female Artists title from the National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People in 1988, followed by three Grammy award nominations. In 1991, Williams second album The Comfort Zone sold over two million copies that reached a variety of audiences in America, going triple platinum. Many of Williams’ songs reached the top charts and gained popularity. An example of her talent lies within Williams’ renditions of “Colors of the Wind.” Her voice was incorporated in Disney’s 1995 film Pocahontas, which earned Williams yet another Grammy nomination. Williams achieved a successful career in television and film. In 1992, she portrayed the character of Suzanne de Passe in the TV movie The Jacksons: An American Dream. From 2006 to 2010, she portrayed the character of Wilhelmina Slater in Ugly Betty and a recurring role as Renee Filmore-Jones in the famed drama Desperate Housewives. In September 2015, when Williams was the head judge for the 2016 Miss America pageant, CEO Sam Haskell vocalized a public apology to Williams for the controversial events during 1984, 32 years later after the event had occurred. Legacy Vanessa Williams had a tumultuous life after winning Miss America in 1984. Her struggles and achievements remind Black individuals to step outside of their comfort zone to achieve titles in society. Decades later, Black people who have earned reputable titles never imagined racism and hate, despite the increased support that
Resources to Support the Black Community
By: Lavanya Kathirgamanathan Canada is one of the most diverse and safest countries to live in. Toronto, in particular, is a city that embodies diversity and is occupied by various ethnicities. The Black community holds a significant place in the city with its contributions in society. In a large city, it is expected that the community will benefit from an extensive list of resources. These resources can include support in mental health, education, and the workplace through donations, organizations, and people. Many of the organizations listed below are created within the black community to support the needs of academic support, health disparities, mental health support, and legal aid assistance. It is crucial that Toronto provides resources that focus on the growth and success of the Black community. As of 2023, there are currently 6.3 million people living in Toronto, and without the appropriate resource it does not give Black people the opportunity to put forth their talent and skill. To ensure the Black community is able to meet their goals, support in these sectors are crucial. Outlined below are a few links, support groups, and resources offered by the City of Toronto that focus on connecting and supporting Black-owned businesses that are widely accessible to everyone. The Black Health Alliance / BHA The Black Health Alliance aims to provide the Black community with support and care to access equal health care services. They seek to advance opportunities among all genders, races, and sexualities to ensure an organized structure when facilitating health protocols. They are avid on doing their research to provide the appropriate statistics before implementing changes in health care. This demonstrates their credibility to uphold safe health care practices that are fair. The Black Legal Action Centre / BLAC The Black Legan Action Centre offers legal services and support to low-income residents within the Black community in Ontario. This centre is intended to provide a comprehensive list of legal resources to those who need a robust consultation on managing issues. It further provides free legal aid and advice to those who have inquiries about education, the workplace, and government support. This allows citizens to become aware of their services and have an understanding of their disadvantages in society and how to combat them. The Nia Centre for Arts The Nia Centre for Arts is a Toronto-based organization that showcases artistic talent and excellency on behalf of the Black community. The organization promotes creativity, different colour profiles, and connects young and aspiring artists with reputable mentors. To strengthen the arts world, the organization makes it a priority to provide viable skills that artists can use in the workplace. These skills hone in on leadership roles, artistic designs, and networking that can be useful when crafting their own personal artwork portfolio. Black Women in Motion / BWIM Black Women in Motion provides resources in leadership development and mental health for Black women in Toronto. This organization aims to provide healing initiatives to confront the trauma endured on behalf of Black women and provide them with the support and care they require. This community led organization focuses on communication and open discussions to tackle adversities and confront barriers. The organization prioritizes respect and encourages Black women to share their personal stories that are supported in a candid and non-judgemental setting. The Black Business and Professional Association / BBPA The BBPA provides financial assistance to Black students in the educational system and those who wish to advance their business ventures. It is an association that advocates on behalf of Black professionals entering the business sector. It provides connections and networking opportunities to make launching business ventures accessible and efficient. It further issues scholarships that are useful when obtaining resources and support to attend classes relative to their area of expertise and field of study. Toronto is one of the many cities that celebrates diversity and appreciates hard work ethic. It is a welcoming place that offers support towards health and wellness, education, and contronts language barriers to help provide a safe space in the Black community. These organizations help support and strengthen cohesion in the Black community. As Toronto’s population continues to increase, so must the support. It is important to keep encouraging the expansion of resources within the Black community to ensure unique talent and innovation is being accepted and recognized.
Six Ancient African War Weapons
By: Priscilla Wiredu Africa is a continent filled with diverse cultures, people, traditions, and different ways of life. Africa embodies a reputation that is known for creating unique weapons during times of war before the colonial era. These weapons were also used for other activities such as grazing, traditional ceremonies, and events of prestige. There are many distinct kinds of African war weaponry, each with its own story and importance. Human development was said to have peaked with the advancement of tools made in Africa. This article will explore the six most recognized historical African war weapons. The Senegal Dagger Dated as far back as the mid-1800s, the Senegal Dagger was created and used predominantly in times of battle in West Africa. These daggers were made from materials such as bone and iron. The blade of the dagger is commonly compared to a Sanduko Y Daga, a Filipino sword. Modern designs encompass the hilt of the barrel shaped as a Spanish colonial knife. This design included the pommel and stacked disks encompassing the roots of West Africa where the Spanish would often visit. Mambele Mambele swords are a category of swords that were used in Northern and Southern Africa dated as far back as the 1800s. These swords were used for war and for hunting purposes to capture food sources. The sword was made from iron and the design included a sickle-shape with broad blade tip and curved blade for precision and accuracy. The use of a Mambele knife depends on the blade length and curvature. Larger ones were used accompanied with a shield. The way to fight with them required swift footwork and unexpected strikes. Not very useful against armor, the Mambele were also used as a form of intimidation as opposed to being on the battlefield. Smaller Mambele swords were used for hunting, and as a throwing knife against an animal. The blade allows for it to tear across a hide, and conquer prey easily. Nimcha Created around the 17th-18th century, the Nimcha was a weapon used in parts of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. In 1732, it was first used in the battle of Oran, where the Spanish had besieged their land. As with the Mambele, the Nimcha comes in a variety of different forms and were imported from Europe. The two main forms, however, were either a short, deep curved blade or a longer, slender blade with a clipped point. Nimcha hilts are displayed forward, ending in a bud-type style. They are designed to have wooden handles which are flat sided and squared off at a 90 degree handle. These weapons served many purposes and were used on land by warriors and on sea by sailors. The popularity of the Nimcha flourished more at sea, especially in southern Arabia, Yemen, and Zanzibar, where they adopted the design and changed it over time to better suit their needs during battle. Zanzibari swords were more sharply bent with a finger guard, with a cap on the pommel to secure the blade. Arabian Nimcha were used as gifts rather than weapons. Kaskara Believed to have been created around the 16th century, the Kaskara sword is representative of the Western African Savanna front, most notably in places like Chad and the Sudan. Many modern Kaskara swords are known to have a European influence on them, and are created and sold for profit in different parts of Europe. The Kaskara is often worn horizontally across the back, between the upper arm and thorax. The blade measures at about a yard long, is double edged, with a spatula-shaped tip. Unfortunately, many Kaskara swords now may not exist without any European labeling or influence upon them. Many Kaskara today are said to be dated back to the 19th century instead of 400 years earlier, with European designs. Obtaining an authentic fully-African Kaskara is extremely rare in the present times. Khopesh Possibly the oldest weapon on this list, the Khopesh traces centuries back to the third millennium BC in Sumer. It was first derived from axes and were made to fight in combat, making it a unique form of specialized ax. Earlier versions of the Khopesh lacked hilt guards, and the weight of the sword guaranteed enhanced efficiency while cutting through dense materials. A slice from the Khopesh guarantees a slash instead of a deep wound. As the Khopesh evolved, however, garnering an all-metal blade with bronze casting, the cutting power became more aligned and deliberate. The Khopesh is an important tool of Egyptian history, as it became the typical weapon of choice amongst Ancient Egyptian warriors. It is even believed by historians that the Khopesh was the first curved blade to be used as a war sword. From 1570 to 1070 BC, the Khopesh became a symbolic and meaningful representation of royalty, power, and status. This began during the Ptolemaic Dynasty up until the fall of the Egyptian Empire by Rome. Afrakena The Afrakena sword was, and still is, an important part in the Ashanti People of Ghana’s life. These people use this particular sword for ceremonies and traditions. The Dutch had first sighted the use of the Afrakena in the 17th century, noting it as a viable form of the double-edged sword. A video demonstrates how the sword is created and used in many versatile ways. The Afrakena was first used in war, and the blade made it one of the most easily recognizable in history. Its blade is curved and broad, with an unsharpened piece at its neck that allows a stronger and powerful grip to guide movements. The blade is shaped like a spade, one that curves upward toward its tip. Afrakena swords were mostly made out of iron or or imported steel, with flat blades and symbols on them that represented a different virtue. These virtues included spirituality, luck, fortune, and patience. Notably using them in holy and sacred rituals. The sword’s guard and pommel are shaped like a ball that can be made from wood or gold, used
‘Black is Beautiful’ – A Cultural Movement
By: Priscilla Wiredu Black history is not solely recognized for its innovation or how many inventions are accredited by Black inventors, meaningful to society. It is a prime example of confidence, resilience, and a drive to achieve success. One of the most important aspects of Black history is the praise and awareness of self-love. Black people have had to uphold principles of admiration and self-worth to undo the discriminatory injustices held over their livelihood and reputation. When speaking on Black pride, individuals always remember the famous mantra: “Black is Beautiful.” The Cultural Movement Black is Beautiful is more than a quote that encourages the Black community to love themselves and their melanated skin. It started as a cultural movement that began in the 1960s, in America among the fight for equal human rights and Black representation within institutions. In 1962, the movement gained popularity when a nightclub in Harlem known as the Purple Manor was hosting a fashion show called Naturally ‘62. Organized by the African Jazz-Art Society and Studios (AJASS) famed photographer Kwame Brathwaite photographed Black models who rebelled against Western beauty standards. These models expressed their culture and heritage in their most natural self by wearing their hair in afros, as they walked down the aisle wearing traditional clothing. The show was a success that left a profound impact and garnered an encore performance the next night. Soon, it would be recognized as the start of a powerful cultural movement known as Black is Beautiful. Timeline The Naturally ‘62 models were labelled as the Grandassa Models. This name originated from the word ‘Grandassaland,’ a term Black nationalist Carlos Cooks referred to as Africa. What made this fashion show successful was not only the display of Black women, but how these models were hard working women, educators, friends, activists, and homeowners, who took pride and ownership in their Afrocentric self despite social pressure to conform to Western beauty ideals. The positive feedback of the fashion show enabled Black is Beautiful to become a lucrative theme of its kind. Black is Beautiful was marketed almost immediately, with people claiming that they saw something different that they had never seen before. This was Black people unapologetically admiring their skin and exuding Black beauty for Western society to see. The years following brought greater awareness to the movement as Black is Beautiful was recognized among other cities around the country. Kwame Brathwaite was known for helping the movement gain momentum, as his unique photographs captured the evolution and essence of Black beauty and glory in a natural lens. Black is Beautiful is an influential movement that focuses on Black consciousness and the Black Arts movement. However, there was not much support towards Naturally ‘62 when it first debuted. Despite the ongoing militant reform coupled with the civil rights movement, many Black nationalists preferred Black women to possess westernized facial and body features including straight hair, light skin, and a thin body type. Despite this unrealistic expectation, some Activists, such as Abbey Lincoln and Max Roach helped garner attention to the fashion show. This led to increased popularity of the message. Soon after, the Grandassas models appeared on jazz album covers, campaigns for African and Caribbean magazines, and a special feature in an exhibition by the late Brathwaite at the New York Historical Society Museum and Library. The Impact Feminist Sociologist Dr. Meeta Rani Jha illustrated in her book The Global Beauty Industry: Colorism, Racism, and the National Body about how the Black is Beautiful movement was an anti-racist challenge to the dominant White beauty, therefore destabilizing its cultural power. The philosophy behind Black is Beautiful is not only focused on self-love and confidence, but also on emotional and mental well-being. By affirming natural Afro hairstyles and dark skin tones, the Black is Beautiful movement addressed many important aspects of Black identity that are known to this day. Pride and Power African Americans took on these styles to connect to African culture and heritage. Ancient African grooming tools such as the Afro pick were redesigned to encourage Black pride and political/cultural adherence to the Black Power movement. A Cultural Revolution The Black is Beautiful movement also demonstrated itself in the arts, with Black writers using their creativity to support and birth a new Black cultural revolution. Black scholars urged Black Americans to reconnect to African countries, whether it was studying popular languages including Swahili, or reading African literature. Icons of the Black Arts Movement Quite possibly the most remarkable part of the Black is Beautiful movement is the Black celebrities who participated within the movement. Arts Activist Amiri Baraka founded the Black Arts Repertory Theatre School in Harlem and the Spirit House in Newark, New Jersey. His initiatives to encourage Black pride inspired other Black arts organizations across the East Coast, which helped the national movement gain greater awareness and knowledge among citizens. To this day, Black celebrities have made an attempt to contribute and remember Black is Beautiful. Some include Muhammad Ali, Oprah Winfrey, Alicia Keys and Rihanna. Many products and additional movements have been created to inspire Black pride and success for the Black youth and future generations. “Black is Beautiful was my directive. It was a time when people were protesting injustices related to race, class, and human rights around the globe. I focused on my craft so that I could use my gift to inspire thought, relay ideas, and tell stories about our struggle, our work, and our liberation.” – Photojournalist and Activist Kwame Brathwaite.
The Top Six Inventions by Black Inventors
By: Sydnee Walcott Inventions serve a unique purpose and play a fundamental role in life. They each allow individuals to access efficient services that strengthen security and safety. They further push inventors to think critically in a modern society and inspire them to contribute new technological advancements. While many white inventors are praised for their ingenuity and creative side, Black inventors receive little acknowledgement for the inventions that have changed many people’s lives, and are a part of their everyday routine. Inventions have the ability to transform our daily activities into ones that can become less stressful. Inventions provide a sense of stability and safety among others and can make completing daily tasks more tolerable. Without these complex and intricate designs there would be disorganization among all facets of life. Given the advantages of inventions, outlined are six recognizable inventions that were created by Black inventors: The Clock Invented by Benjamin Banneker The invention of timekeeping devices dates back to Ancient Egypt with the introduction of the shadow clock. The shadow clock was the first clock to be made in America, by a Black man. Benjamin Bannejer, the son of formerly enslaved parents, always had a knack for inventions at a young age. He created his first invention at the age of 15 for his family’s tobacco farm. Banneker not only had the time to focus on brainstorming unique ideas but was able to comprehend difficult concepts at a young age in how mechanisms operated. Banneker’s invention included an irrigation system that controlled and regulated the water flow to crops from nearby springs. He was accurate in the timing of the water flow and applied precision to create an efficient system that would help maintain healthy agriculture. However, his biggest invention would be brought to life years later in the 1950s with the invention of the first American clock. While borrowing a pocket watch from an acquaintance, Banneker took the internal body of the watch to study the components and created a fully functioning clock made out of carved wooden pieces. This newly-designed clock incorporated longevity that would last for decades. The success of his self-made clock received positive feedback and it led to Banneker opening up a watch clock repair business. This example demonstrates how there are avenues for success in places that deserve more attention. The clock invention has been used among everyone to help keep track of time during busy days. Mailbox Invented by Phillip Downing If an individual wanted to send or pick up mail they would have to take time out of their day to travel to the closest post office. This is a hassle for those who prefer to send and receive mail without having to make a commute. In 1891, this concept was revolutionized with the invention of the mailbox by Phillip Downing. Known as the street letter box at the time, the newly patented mailbox was convenient for many citizens and post office workers since it made drop-offs and pick-ups easier to manage. The mailbox included a feature that protected mail from being damaged from harsh inclement weather. In addition, a safety feature was incorporated that secured mail until it was picked up by a credible postal employee. Gas Mask Invented by Garret Morgan Firefighters are confronted with risking their lives to protect civilians in a short time frame. This occupation is risky, with some firefighters confronting a very tragic death. In the summer of 1916, there was work being done on a new waterworks tunnel in Cleveland, Ohio when a natural gas pocket exploded. The explosion took the lives of 11 tunnel workers. 18 rescuers entered the tunnel to find survivors with a total of 11 of them dying. The cause of death was due to the lack of safety equipment. The Cleveland Police contacted Garrett A. Morgan with the invention of a patented gas mask two years prior to the explosion. The invention of the gas mask was created after a fire that took the lives of 146 garment workers at a factory in New York in 1911. When smoke is inhaled it can inflame the lungs and cause fire-related deaths and injuries. Morgan had the idea to create an effective mask to provide safer ventilation and oxygen flow while confronted with smoke, gasses, and other harmful pollutants. Although Morgan was confronted with economic issues that hindered the success of the initial launch he worked hard to market the device to fire departments. The device was also used during World War I to protect soldiers from toxic gas. Morgan’s invention enabled many soldiers to successfully fight in battle for their country. Morgan won his first prize for the gas mask at the the Second International Exposition of Safety and Sanitation in New York City. Gas heating Furnace Invented by Alice H. Parker Snow can be enjoyable for many. Snowflakes are beautiful to look at and there are many fun activities people can enjoy in the snow. Some of these activities can include snowball fights, sledding, building a snow fort or simply enjoying the beauty of snowflakes. However, people criticize the freezing and icy temperatures that come with the beauty of snow. Before the invention of the gas heating furnace was created, most people would rely on a fireplace to help keep themselves warm during the cold season. Fireplaces did their job to help keep a building warm, but they were not entirely effective. Inspired by this ineffectiveness, Alice H. Parker invented the gas heating furnace. The furnace consisted of natural gas being pumped into the furnace, creating a heat exchange that processes warm air into the ducts that would generate enough heat to reach every room in a house. In 1919, Parker’s invention was successfully patented and became a starting point for the current heating, ventilation, and air conditioning models we currently enjoy at our own convenience without having to find natural resources for heating. Home Security System Invented by Mary Van Brittan Brown A home is a place